Monday, January 31, 2011

Journal #7: Job Descriptions

Below are listed a few internships and jobs I've looked out and been interested in applying for:

NPR (National Public Radio):

All Things Considered (Typically offered all three semesters)
Conducts research for daily stories and long-term projects; books interviews; retrieves archival tape; attends daily editorial meeting; and helps get the program on the air, which includes performing routine administrative tasks. He/she should have an interest in the news and be prepared to offer story ideas. A liberal arts background - an individual majoring in religion, history, art, etc. is preferred. In addition to the regular application items, candidates must submit a writing sample.


Arts & Information Desk Internship: (Typically offered all three semesters)
Sets-up interviews; greets and escorts interview guests; logs tape; conducts story research for reporters and editors and participates in story production; sorts mail; answers phone; assists with development and maintenance of obituary project sound files; and participates in staff meetings and projects as required. Candidates should be interested in the arts, journalism, digital technology, history and other areas of cultural expression. Strong research skills, computer literacy, and knowledge of NPR programming preferred. In addition to the regular application items, candidates must submit a writing sample.

Weekend Edition Internships (2 placements): (Typically offered all three semesters)
Intern for Weekend Morning shows, either Saturday or Sunday.  Intern assists producers in putting together the weekly programs.  Pitches and researches story ideas.  Researches long- and short-term projects for the hosts. Pre-interviews guests and authors for book interviews; sets-up feature interviews; writes introductions and questions for interviews.  Strong research, writing and organizational skills required.  Must be a self-starter who enjoys following the news, working independently and finding the quirky and unexpected story.  Tasks also include routine administrative work, such as sorting the mail.  In addition to standard application materials, candidates should submit an exceptional cover letter.

NSA (National Security Agency):

Intelligence Analysts - ENTRY LEVEL

As an entry-level Intelligence Analyst, you will be part of the Intelligence Analysis Development Program (IADP), a program comprising classroom and self-paced training combined with a series of 3-6 operational duty assignments.  The program is designed to apply your specific academic background and/or professional experience, and to apply this knowledge and experience in a Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) environment.  

            In the program, you will learn about the broad spectrum of information needs of our wide, Executive Branch customer set.  You will work in diverse environments that deal with a range of different issues of significance. You will be involved in solving difficult technical problems, applying new techniques to solve intelligence problems, obtaining knowledge of the communications environment and technology trends of specific targets, preparing written and oral assessments of current events, and assessing information that provides unique insight into target intentions unavailable from other intelligence disciplines.

            You will be assigned to a regional or topical mission focus based on your academic background and work experience and on the current mission needs of the Agency.  Your operational tour assignments while in the IADP will prepare you to be a professional intelligence analyst capable of performing many jobs within your assigned mission focus. 

            Upon graduation from the IADP, you will be required to take a 1-year assignment in support of your assigned mission focus.  The exact assignment will be determined by a number of factors, including mission needs at the time of graduation and the analytic strengths you will have discovered and developed during the program.  Concurrently, you will be required to continue to work as an intelligence analyst for an additional 2 years, either in your original mission focus or for other ones.
.
Qualifications
 
Desired skills for an Intelligence Analyst include target/domain knowledge, excellent oral and written communications, strong research, critical thinking, and good interpersonal skills; an innate curiosity; and a willingness to take on challenges.

An ideal candidate would possess:

*  A bachelor's or Master's degree in International Relations, Foreign or Regional Studies, Political Science (internationally focused only), Intelligence/Security Studies, Anthropology, Geography or topical studies such as counterterrorism, counterproliferation or other enduring transnational issues.

*  A minor in Computer Science, Computer Networks, or Telecommunications is helpful but not required.

*  Foreign language skills related to your area of expertise are helpful but not required for Intelligence Analysis.

*  Relevant internship, foreign study, or military experience is helpful, but not required.

*  Desired GPA of 3.0 or higher.

*  4 years or less of cryptologic experience

The Maryland Gazette

CORRESPONDENT NEEDED

The Maryland Gazette has an immediate opening for a community correspondent to write about the people and churches, civic groups, clubs and other organizations in Brooklyn Park and Pumphrey.

The correspondent writes once a week about the people and events in the area. The column includes coverage of events at all county and private schools in the area. Maryland Gazette correspondents work from their homes as freelancers. Applicants must live in the territory they cover. 


*****

These jobs all require skills that I feel I have sufficiently acquired as an English major. I have very strong writing and editing skills, which are always in demand. To become aware of the programming schedule for NPR, I've restarted listening to it regularly. This global awareness would also be helpful for applying for jobs with the NSA. Anything related to the newspaper industry would be very interested in my writing and language skills. Overall, I think I'm qualified for any of these jobs.

Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Journal #6: Layout

1. Good use of white space: this advertisement show how their product cancels noise by using the lawnmower metaphor to cut the noise "grass", leaving behind only white space, a common metaphor for silence.


2. Poor use of white space: this advertisement, on the other hand, leaves the whole thing feeling unbalanced because all the white space is used up except the bottom left corner, which is simply languishing and unused.

3. Portrait orientation: this advertisement is oriented like a portrait or a letter rather than sideways like a panoramic shot.





4. Landscape orientation: this advertisement is sideways or double wide to portray twice as much information as one portrait advertisement. An advertisement splashing across two pages would work this way.





5. Single column grid: the information is in one column that fills up the entire page. This is the standard column arrangement of most novels and textbooks.


6. Triple column grid: rather than one single wide column, the text is broken up into three columns to break up the information, making it easier to read and to indicate where the eye can take a rest. As the picture indicates, the columns should ideally all be the same height.

7. Mixed column grid: in this case, one page has two columns while the other has three. This is done to accommodate graphics and columns, although it does make the spread feel somewhat unbalanced.


8. Heading flush with text: the title isn't spaced from the body text with any additional leading or hard returns. The only difference is indicated by center alignment as opposed to left alignment.


9. Marginal heading: this excerpt is from a book manuscript I'm currently editing. The marginal heading is much larger, bolded, and separate from the text and subheadings by at least one hard return.

Choosing a Computer

Whether you work in the office or at home on a personal computer, you must provide your own protection. The essential ergonomic question—how does it feel to work with this machine and its peripherals all day?—has become the single most important consideration when purchasing a computer. Think first about the way the computer itself feels, then deal with the peripherals.

How Easy Is It to Use?
Computer ads, like automobile ads, emphasize speed, power and performance while

10. Numbered list: numerical lists indicate hierarchy or the order events occurred in or the order events will occur in. Any way they're used, numbered lists provide instant hierarchy.




11. Bulleted list: unlike numbered lists, bulleted lists don't provide hierarchy by assigning a numerical value to any one item in particular (ex. "picking up laundry" is #1 in importance). Rather, each is given equal weight simply by being on the list; to eschew any one item would be detrimental rather than one item being given second or third preference.


12. Drop cap: the initial letter of the page or paragraph that drops down multiple lines is given great importance as the starting point. It immediately draws the eye and tells the reader where to begin while being rather aesthetically pleasing (at least in this case).


13. Good ordering of information: the hierarchy of the information is made clear by the shape of the pyramid while showing how each piece is related to the others; even though each food group is in a clearly delineated section, each is connected to the others to create a balanced diet (according to the pyramid's creators).


14. Poor ordering of information: this Coca Cola advertisement is rather ambiguous. How is the rooster related to the soda? Why would a rooster be telling you to drink it? Roosters can't drink soda! Last time I checked, one of Coke's mascots wasn't even a rooster. While the intention is clear, the delivery of the message is poorly organized.


15. Citation style (MLA): this sample paper demonstrates how MLA dictates the top matter (author's name, professor, etc.), the spacing for the title, how citations out to written out, etc. Each style will have different guidelines.


16. Title and section head: to differentiate different pieces of an argument, section headings are offset by space and usually indicated by bolding or underlining.


17. Tabs: to create separation between paragraphs, spaces or tabs are inserted to  indicate that a new paragraph has begun. This way, no ideas are running into one another.


18. Headers or footers: headers and footers are used to place the author's name or the title of the book on each page, as well as page numbers or footnotes. This example indicates how much space should be given to a standard header and footer.


19. Watermark: a watermark is placed over an image to prevent just anyone from using an image without paying royalties. No one wants to see a model's face with a giant watermark thrown over it! When placed behind text, a watermark can also act as a background image to create interest and contrast for the reader.


20. Frame using solid or dotted lines: text box framing draws the eye to the information in that box. Framing can such apart such information as pull quotes or diagrams.


Friday, January 14, 2011

Journal #4: Condoleezza Rice

Yesterday's lecture from Condoleezza Rice was a momentous occasion for many BYU students--

it was the first time they'd seen a black person in real life.

Just kidding.

As an aspiring rhetorician, I found Rice's lecture interesting for a number of reasons:
  1. She's funny. No, scratch that--she's hilarious. Considering she came out of the Bush administration, one expected more of a miasma of malapropisms rather than carefully timed and executed black jokes.
  2. Despite no longer having official ties to the United States government, her patriotic rhetoric was such that while I agreed with much of her address, I also felt myself grow uncomfortable in the presence of such fervid patriotism. Perhaps it's just deeply one-sided discourses that I'm suspicious of, but being told that America is truly the only nation that idealizes freedom and truth above all others made me question her argument. Aren't essentially all industrialized nations striving for these same goals? The notion of American being represented by the log cabin was also problematic. On the one hand, you've got the connotation of Abraham Lincoln's log cabin: a baby born in such humble circumstances can grow up to the be the president of the United States. On the other hand, you've got Uncle Tom's Cabin and all the images and feelings of slavery attached to that same log cabin.
  3. The visual accompaniment of watching her speak added another dimension into consideration. Before she began speaking, the camera caught her face for a few seconds as she listened to President Tanner's introduction. She looked stern, pensive, and utterly unfriendly. However, as soon as she mounted the podium, her face broke into a gracious and welcoming smile that completely threw me off my balance. I had expected a rather austere lecture on the importance of an education and subsequent active American citizenship. Who was this smiling anecdote-sharing woman who just seconds before had looked like your mean first grade teacher? Without having the visual component of her address, there wouldn't have been any way to read her bearing, body language, etc. Stage presence has a ton to do with rhetoric.
That said, I was very grateful to have been present for her lecture. It was engaging, easy to follow, and generally informative. It's not hard to see why she become to widely recognized both domestically and internationally.

However, as I now know that there are actual questions to answer, I'll go about answering those instead!

1. What means of persuasion are used in the forum?

As I mentioned, she used a massively successful pathic tactic by invoking humor. Her comical anecdotes helped her connect to the audience in a way that the other material in her address simply wouldn't have allowed. She also made frequent mention of her credibility on matters of state and international relations by dropping her previous Secretary of State title, experiences from school (including earning her PhD), and all the important shoulders she rubbed during her terms with the Bush administration.

2. What is her argument?

While she argued a number of different points (like American superiority and the importance of a rounded college education), she strongly emphasized the point that gaffs or unexplainable actions today rarely color a person's entire history. What seems dire today won't seem nearly as traumatic 50 years from now. In essence, keep your focus on making your time on this planet useful as a whole rather than getting flustered every time one unfortunate thing happens.

3. How does she support her claims?

*Her experiences as Secretary of State
*Examination of history
*Appeals to institutions (like family and education)
*Name dropping
*Anecdotes
*Pathic appeals by invoking nationalistic ideals
*Humor

4. Does she use visuals? Does she use them effectively?

As I mentioned before, her presence on stage was a very impactful visual that added a compelling dimension to her address that simply isn't there when dealing with, for example, radio personalities.

(The final questions about interest level and how convincing her argument was have already been answered in my semi-rambling above.)

Journal #3: Photoshopping

Original Photo #1
Resized to 3x5 and cropped so subject fills picture
Original Photo #2
Head placed on separate layer, background layer discarded, and filled with red
Original Photo #3
Resized to 7x9, then cropped to better fulfill Rule of Thirds

Monday, January 10, 2011

Journal #1: Visual Rhetoric, Document Design, and an English Degree

In addition to taking the Visual Rhetoric class this semester, I’m also currently enrolled in Dr. Siegfried’s Shakespeare class. Before we’ve even begun to really delve into the plays, we’ve had to establish a number of rubrics under which we’re going to operate. One of these discusses the interconnectedness of Truth and Beauty, meaning analyzing how communication of Truth is made possible through Beauty; you can be speaking absolute Truth, but if it isn’t made beautiful, it will not captivate and inspire an audience toward action. A similar principle is discussed in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried. Despite being a Vietnam War veteran, O’Brien states multiple times in his book that not all (if any) of the anecdotes recounted are “true life events”. However, he writes the stories he does to communicate the Truth of war rather than the true events because he wants to dispel the glorification of war that has become so rampant in the American consciousness. By imbuing his stories with the “beauty” of the true horror of war rather than pandering to the expectation of patriotism and nationalism, the real Truth of the matter is revealed.
Academic writing is incredibly dull. The only people that enjoying reading academic writing are academics. To communicate with as large an audience as possible, the elevated concepts and ideas that characterize academia have to be infused with the Beauty of both the vernacular and rhetorical aesthetics. A person could have come up with a theory to explain the origins of the universe, but if presented in a paper that is unpolished and sloppily designed, even the sheer brilliance and truth of the theory can’t save it from being heavily scrutinized and discredited. Because we are such a visual species, it is imperative that a design/document be carefully designed in addition to factually sound and accurate. If something is unattractive, people will either underestimate it or ignore it altogether.
In order to persuade audiences as effectively as possible, English majors have to do much more than simply write well. Almost anyone can learn to write well. The real persuasion comes into play when an excellent writer is able to present their ideas in documents that are designed with the audience in mind in terms of background knowledge, convenience, and interest level. If you want to get a mass audience hooked on automotive hydraulics, then you don’t present your dissertation in a boring run-of-the-mill essay format that will likely bore the pants off anyone, let alone the general public. To get an audience excited about a topic they wouldn’t ordinarily be interested in, you need awesome writing, attractive and eye-catching (but not overpowering) graphics, and proper design principles (like proximity and hierarchy) to pull everything together and impress an audience with the care you’ve taken to help them become invested in your topic.

Journal #2: Advertisements/Pictures Exemplifying Visual Rhetoric

1. Text without Visual
2. Visual without Text
3. Adapted to a Specific Audience
4. Balance
5. Categorization
6. Compare and Contrast
7. Description/Details
8. Narration
9. Repetition
10. Point of View
11. Proportion
12. Unity
13. Emphasis
14. Concision
15. Tone
16. Ethos
17. Logos
18. Pathos
19.  Figure-Ground Contrast
20. Grouping by Division and Color